Understanding Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement: From Hard and Soft Law Perspective

Flexibilities provided by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

Writing and Publishing Textbooks and Students' Rights from the Perspective of Islam and Intellectual Property Rights

The right to education, as a basic human right, is essential for all members of society, and its realization requires special facilities and tools. Textbooks are considered to be the most important tool that should be provided to learners and students in an appropriate and standard and comprehensive manner, without discrimination and not for profit. The aim of this study was to determine the st...

Medicine procurement and the use of flexibilities in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, 2001–2016

Millions of people, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, lack access to effective pharmaceuticals, often because they are unaffordable. The 2001 Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) adopted the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement and Public Health. The declaration recognized the implications of inte...

Implications of Intellectual Property Rights for Dynamic Gains from Trade

A simple intellectual property rights (IPRs) framework is introduced into a dynamic quality ladder model of technological diffusion between innovating firms in one country and imitating firms in another country. The presence of technological spillovers and feedback effects between firms in the two countries demonstrates that, even when steady state growth increases, transition costs sometimes d...

reflection on consequences of acceptance of trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights agreement for developing countries and posing some recommendations for iran

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